Changwon National University. This research activity, involving Dr. Ligrani, is in collaboration with Professor Heesung Park and Dr. Hwabhin Kwon, and associated graduate students, of Changwon National University in South Korea. Of interest are several research topics, including: (a) compound angle film cooling thermal and flow characteristics, (b) double wall effusion plate thermal management using impingement jet array cooling, (c) combustor liner thermal management with compound angle and simple angle effusion holes, and (d) investigations of interrelationships of entropy production and turbulence kinetic energy. Within the first part of the collaboration, considered are numerically predicted distributions of film cooling effectiveness for single cylinder film holes and for single 15° forward diffused film cooling holes, with compound angles ranging from 0° to 180°. Hole inclination angle, with respect to the test surface, is 35° for all arrangements considered, and blowing ratios of 0.60 and 1.25 are used. Thermal performance is characterized using spatially-resolved distributions of surface adiabatic film cooling effectiveness. Also considered are local flow secondary flow vector distributions, local flow streamwise vorticity distributions, and local variations of film cooling effectiveness within the flow field. In the second part of the collaboration, full coverage effusion arrangements are considered, as employed within double wall arrangements. Within the flow field, predicted are spatially-resolved distributions of local secondary flow vectors, local streamwise vorticity, local stagnation pressure, local streamwise velocity, and local film cooling effectiveness. Thermal protection is further characterized using surface distributions of heat transfer coefficient and adiabatic film cooling effectiveness. Also of interest are comparisons of cooling performance and flow characteristics of a combustor liner plate with compound angle and simple angle effusion holes, and interrelationships of entropy production and turbulence kinetic energy associated with simple angle and compound angle full coverage film cooling.

REFERENCES
Numerical Investigation of Adiabatic Film Cooling Effectiveness Through Compound Angle Variation (S. Tamang, H. Kwon, J. Choi, P. M. Ligrani, J.-H. Lee, Y.-G. Jung, and H. Park), Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A; Applications, Vol. 78, No. 10, pp. 595-618, October 2020.

Flow Structure and Surface Heat Transfer From Numerical Predictions For a Double Wall Effusion Plate With Impingement Jet Array Cooling (H. Kwon, P. M. Ligrani, S. R. Vanga, and H. Park), International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 183, Part A, Paper No. 122049, pp. 1- 18, February 2022.

Comparisons of Cooling Performance and Flow Characteristics of a Combustor Liner Plate With Compound Angle and Simple Angle Effusion Holes (H. Kwon, P. M. Ligrani, S. R. Vanga, and H. Park), International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 185, Paper No. 107984, pp. 1-20, March 2023.

Interrelationships of Entropy Production and Turbulence Kinetic Energy Associated With Simple Angle and Compound Angle Full Coverage Film Cooling (P. M. Ligrani, H. Kwon, and H. Park), International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Volume 197, Paper No. 108824, pp. 1-19, March 2024.