Transonic Turbine Blade Tips With Film Cooling
● Considered are transonic turbine blade tip heat transfer characteristics, with a variety of different and varied upper pressure side and blade tip film cooling arrangements.
● Of particular focus are spatially-resolved distributions of surface adiabatic film cooling effectiveness, and surface heat transfer coefficient characteristics.
● Also of interest are variations of film cooling blowing ratio, film cooling density ratio, film cooling hole placement and configuration, and magnitude of tip gap.
● The overall goal is development of more efficient thermal protection methods, with minimal use of cooling air, as squealer blade tips are exposed to hostile transonic flow environments.

REFERENCES:
Measurement and Determination of Local Film Cooling Performance Along a Transonic Turbine Blade Tip With Viscous Dissipation (P. M. Ligrani, H. Collopy, and W. Manneschmidt), Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 33, Paper No. 065302, pp. 1-28, March 2022.

Effects of Tip Gap on Transonic Turbine Blade Heat Transfer Characteristics With Pressure Side Film Cooling (H. Collopy, P. M. Ligrani, H. Xu, and M. Fox), International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 187, Paper No. 122513, pp. 1- 14, May 2022.

Transonic Turbine Blade Tip Heat Transfer With Pressure Side Film Cooling (H. Collopy, P. M. Ligrani, H. Xu, and M. Fox), AIAA Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 720–733, July 2022.

Dusting Hole Film Cooling Heat Transfer on a Transonic Turbine Blade Tip (W. Manneschmidt, H. Collopy, P. M. Ligrani, K. Goethals, M. Cox, H. Xu, and M. Fox), International Journal of Rotating Machinery, Volume 2022, Article ID 2006572, pp. 1-15, October 2022.

Effects of Pressure Side Film Cooling Hole Placement and Condition on Adiabatic Film Cooling Effectiveness Characteristics of a Transonic Turbine Blade Tip (H. Collopy, P. M. Ligrani, H. Xu, and M. Fox), International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 199, Paper No. 123462, pp. 1-12, December 2022.

Surface Film Cooling Characteristics of Rectangular Holes Along the Trailing Edge of a Transonic Turbine Blade Tip (M. Cox, H. Collopy, P. M. Ligrani, H. Xu, and M. Fox), International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 184, Paper No. 107920, pp. 1-11, February 2023.

Effects of Dusting Film Cooling Placement and Configuration on Surface Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Transonic Turbine Squealer Blade Tip (H. Collopy, P. M. Ligrani, W. Manneschmidt, H. Xu, and M. Fox), International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 212, Paper No. 124307 pp. 1-14, September 2023.

Effects of Pressure Side Film Cooling Hole Placement and Condition on Surface Heat Transfer Coefficients Along a Transonic Turbine Blade Tip (H. Collopy, P. M. Ligrani, H. Xu, M. Fox), International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Volume 192, Part A, Paper No. 108399, pp. 1-14, October 2023.

Effects of Blowing Ratio on Surface Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Transonic Turbine Squealer Blade Tip with a Double Plenum Film Cooling Supply Arrangement (G. Fulmer, P. M. Ligrani, H. Collopy, H. Xu, and M. Fox), International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 221, Paper No. 125043 pp. 1-15, April 2024.

Tip Gap Effects on Film Cooling Performance of a Transonic Turbine Blade With a Distinctive Coolant Supply Arrangement (P. M. Ligrani, H. Collopy, G. Fulmer, H. Xu, and M. Fox), International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 228, Paper No. 125667, pp. 1-10, August 2024.