RESEARCH FUNDING AWARDS

Dr. Ligrani has a strong past and present record of performing sponsored, fundamental and applied research for a variety of funding agencies, including ones in the USA and Europe. As such, he has successfully managed a wide variety of research programs, for different industrial, foundation, and government sponsors. As of April 2020, research funding awards have been received from the following organizations: U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory – Aerospace Systems Directorate, CFDRC – Computational Fluid Dynamics Research Corporation, Alabama State Innovation Program Fund, University of Alabama in Huntsville Endowment for Eminent Scholar in Propulsion, University of Alabama in Huntsville Start-Up Funds, AEDC – Arnold Engineering Development Center of Arnold Air Force Base, National Science Foundation, Honeywell Aerospace Corp., The Boeing Company, IHI Corporation, the Henry Luce Foundation, South Carolina Institute for Energy Studies (SCIES-AGTSR) of the Department of Energy, U. S. Army Aviation Research and Technology Activity-AVSCOM, NASA-Ames Research Center, NASA-Lewis Research Center, Hispanic Research Center-Arizona State University, Turbo and Power Machinery Research Center-Seoul National University, Solar Turbines Incorporated, UCON U.S.-Japan Center-Weber State University, General Electric Corporate Research and Development Center, Pratt & Whitney Corporation-Florida, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Pratt & Whitney Corporation-Canada Corp., the Gas Technology Institute, Intel Corporation, HEET-High Efficiency Engines and Turbines Program – South Carolina Energy Research and Development Center, Invesys Corp. – Foxboro Company, Ceramatec Advanced Materials and Electrochemical Technologies Corp., CISCO Systems Inc., SEEDA-South East England Development Agency, EPSRC – Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of Great Britain, ISIS Innovation, John Fell Fund, European Community Sixth Framework Programme, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources – KIGAM, Lockheed Martin UK, The Royal Academy of Engineering, Rolls Royce PLC, Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC) Engineering Board of Great Britain, Office of Naval Research, Naval Postgraduate School Research Foundation, Aero-Propulsion Laboratory-Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, and Naval Postgraduate School Direct Funding.

EXTRAMURAL GRANTS/FUNDING, UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA IN HUNTSVILLE

The total amount of funding, including grants contracts, and donations, since arriving at the University of Alabama in Huntsville as of April 2020, is approximately $3.56 million. Current and recent research sponsors include: (1) Solar Turbines, Inc. of San Diego, California, USA (multiple research contracts), (2) IHI Corp. (Ishikawajma Harima Heavy Industries), of Tokyo, Japan (multiple research contracts), (3) National Science Foundation, CBET Thermal Transport Processes, Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport (CBET) Systems, Arlington, Virginia, USA (multiple funding awards), (4) the Alabama Innovation Fund, Research Program, Montgomery, Alabama, USA, (5) Office of the Vice President for Research and Economic Development, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA, (6) AEDC – Arnold Engineering Development Center, Arnold Air Force Base, Tullahoma, Tennessee, USA (high pressure tank donation), (7) State Administration of Foreign Expert Affairs, Federal Government of the P. R. China, Beijing, P. R. China (through the School of Aerospace Engineering, Beihang University, BUAA – Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, P. R. China), (8) U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, SBIR/STTR Program, Aerospace Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, USA.

EXTRAMURAL GRANTS/FUNDING, SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY

1. Jet Array Impingement Heat Transfer: Effects of Jet-Plate to Target Distance, Hole Spacing, Reynolds Number, and Mach Number. Agency: Solar Turbines, Inc., San Diego, California. Total Amount: $227,083. Period of Research: January 1, 2011-December 31, 2013. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
2. Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interactions (SWBLI).** Agency: The Boeing Company, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. Total Amount: $478,478. Period of Research: October 1, 2012–December 31, 2015. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani, Co-Principal Investigator: M. McQuilling.
3. Turbine Aerodyanmics Investigations.** Agency: Honeywell Aerospace MCOE, Turbine Aerodynamics, Honeywell International Corp., Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Total Amount: $296,173. Period of Research: October 1, 2012– December 31, 2014. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani, Co-Principal Investigator: M. McQuilling.
4. Turbine Aerodyanmics Investigations.** Agency: Honeywell Aerospace, Rotating Components and Combustion Systems, Mechanical COE, Honeywell International Corp., Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Total Amount: $289,243. Period of Research: October 1, 2012–December 31, 2014. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani, Collaborator: M. McQuilling.
5. Clare Boothe Luce Fellowships for Women. Agency: Clare Boothe Luce Program, The Henry Luce Foundation, New York, New York, USA. Total Amount: $195,192 ($68,000 cost shared by Saint Louis University). Period of Award: August 16, 2013–August 15, 2015. Principal Applicants: P. M. Ligrani, M. Oesch. Principal Recipients: Mary Jennerjohn, Miranda Turlin.
6. Impingement Array Cooling.** Agency: IHI Corp. (Ishikawajma Harima Heavy Industries), Advanced Technology Department, Research and Engineering Division, Tokyo, Japan. Total Amount: $134,698. Period of Research: September 1, 2013–March 31, 2015. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
7. Collaborative Research: Thermal Transport in Elastic Turbulence. Agency: National Science Foundation, CBET Thermal Transport Processes, Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport (CBET) Systems, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Total Amount: $349,774 ($199,383 SLU, $150,391 TAMU). Period of Research: October 1, 2013–September 30, 2016. Principal Investigators: P. M. Ligrani, R. H. Handler.

** Actual project titles are not given.
EXTRAMURAL GRANTS/FUNDING, OXFORD UNIVERSITY

1. Effects of Mach Number and Spent Air Crossflow on Jet Impingement Heat Transfer. Agency: Solar Turbines, Inc., San Diego, California. Period of Research: November 20, 2003-December 31, 2006. Transferred contract. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
2.-7. Projects supported by: Rolls Royce PLC, Derby, England, United Kingdom.
8. SEEDA Professorial Fellow. Agency: SEEDA-Southeastern England Development Agency, Guildford, Surrey, England, United Kingdom. Total Amount: £135,815 ($269,042). Period of Research: September 6, 2007-September 5, 2008. Co-Principal Investigators: P. M. Ligrani, K. Morten, P. J. Dobson.
9. Thermo-Fluids Laboratory Upgrade and Expansion. Agency: SEEDA-Southeastern England Development Agency, Guildford, Surrey, England, United Kingdom.
10. Project supported by: Rolls Royce PLC, Derby, England, United Kingdom.
11. EPSRC Studentship. Agency: EPSRC – Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Swindon, England, United Kingdom. Through Department of Engineering Science, Oxford University, Oxford, England, United Kingdom. Total Amount: £13,600. Period of Research: October 1, 2007-September 30, 2008. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani. Principal Recipient: R. F. Fawcett.
12. Impingement and Film Cooling Heat Transfer Investigations. Agency: Solar Turbines Inc., San Diego, California. Total Amount: $239,000. Period of Research: September 1, 2007-August 31, 2009. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
13. Microfluidic Separation of Biological Nanoparticles. Agency: John Fell OUP Research Fund – Main Grant Scheme, Mathematical, Physical Sciences, and Life Sciences Division, Oxford University, Oxford, England, United Kingdom. Total Amount: £223,705 (£135,800 cost shared with SEEDA Professorial Fellow Program). Period of Research: August 1, 2007-July 31, 2008. Principal Investigators: P. M. Ligrani, K. Morten
14. Microfluidic Separation of Biological Nanoparticles. Agency: UCSF Research Fund, ISIS Innovation Ltd, Oxford University, Oxford, England, United Kingdom. Total Amount: £31,500. Period of Research: October 1, 2007- September 30, 2008. Principal Investigators: P. M. Ligrani, K. Morten.
15. Long-Term Advanced Propulsion Concepts and Technologies I (LAPCAT I) Programme, European Community Sixth Framework Programme, Research Directorate – General, Commission of the European Communities. Total Amount: £20,621. Period of Research: April 15, 2005 – April 14, 2008. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani (project taken over after departure from Oxford University of Dr. Alex Matthews).
16. Utilization of Exterior Surface Dimples for Drag Force Reduction for Circular Cylinders in Cross-Flow. Agency: Mining and Safety Technology Group, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, KIGAM, Gajeong-dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-350 Korea. Total Amount: $170,085. Period of Research: June 1, 2008-May 31, 2010. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
17. Long-Term Advanced Propulsion Concepts and Technologies II (LAPCAT II) Programme, European Community Sixth Framework Programme, Research Directorate – General, Commission of the European Communities. Total Amount: 47,838 Euros ($74,180). Period of Research: June 1, 2008 – May 31, 2012. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
18. SEEDA Professorial Fellow. Project Continuation. Agency: SEEDA-Southeastern England Development Agency, Guildford, Surrey, England, United Kingdom. Total Amount: £117,653 ($229,059). Period of Research: September 6, 2008-September 5, 2009. Co-Principal Investigators: P. M. Ligrani, K. Morten, P. J. Dobson.
19. PDRA-Post-Doctoral Research Assistant. Agency: National Science Foundation, Thermal Systems and Thermal Processing Program, Division of Chemical & Thermal Systems, Arlington, Virginia. Total Amount: travel and subsistence support for Dr. Brian Holley for 6 months. Period of Research: May 2008-November 2008. Principal Investigator: L. Langston (University of Connecticut).
20. Investigation supported by Lockheed Martin UK INSYS, IRAD (Internal Research and Development) Program, Reddings Wood, Ampthill, Bedfordshire MK45 2HD, England-United Kingdom. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani
21. Cooling Systems in Gas Turbines. Agency: Distinguished Visiting Fellowship Scheme, The Royal Academy of Engineering, 3 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5DG, England-United Kingdom. Total Amount: £5,800 ($10,295). Period of Research: November 1, 2008-December 12, 2008. Host: P. M. Ligrani. Visitor: M. Ibrahim.
22. Project supported by: Rolls Royce PLC, Derby, England, United Kingdom.

EXTRAMURAL GRANTS/FUNDING, UNIVERSITY OF UTAH

1. The Convective Heat Transfer Aspects of Flow in a Curved Channel. Agency: Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) Agreement, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, Ca. Amount: $43,405. Period of Research: September 1, 1992-June 6, 1994. Principal Investigator: M. D. Kelleher (NPGS), Subcontractor/Adjunct Research Professor: P. M. Ligrani.
2. Analysis and Testing of Gas-Fired Heater System. Agency: Nu-Life Products LLC, Salt Lake City, Utah. Total Amount: $3,865. Period of Research: January 1-December 31, 1995. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
3. Curved Channel Studies. Agency: Coalition to Increase Minority Degrees, Hispanic Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. Total Amount: $1,965. Period of Research: March 27, 1995-June 8, 1995. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
4. Study of Vortices in Turbulent Flow to Augment Surface Heat Transfer. Agency: Solar Turbines, Incorporated, San Diego, California. Total Amount: $82,220. Period of Research: May 15, 1995-December 31, 1996. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
5. Continued Curved Channel Studies. Agency: Coalition to Increase Minority Degrees, Hispanic Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. Total Amount: $2,088. Period of Research: June 24, 1995-August 16, 1995. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
6. Japan Study Mission: (i) Flow and Heat Transfer Control Using Vortices, and (ii) Flow Pulsations and Film Cooling. Agency: UCON U.S.-Japan Center, Weber State University, Ogden, Utah. Total Amount: $ 4,000. Date Submitted: April 30, 1995. Period of Research: June 1, 1995-October 31, 1995. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
7. Continued Curved Channel Studies, Autumn 1995. Agency: Coalition to Increase Minority Degrees, Hispanic Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. Total Amount: $2,088. Period of Research: September 20, 1995-December 31, 1995. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
8. Transonic Film Cooling Mixing Loss Investigations. Agency: Pratt & Whitney Corporation, West Palm Beach, Florida. Total Amount: $24,880. Period of Research: March 1, 1996-October 31, 1996. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
9. Parametric Study of the Surface Heat Transfer Augmentation in the Presence of Swirling Flow. Agency: Solar Turbines, Incorporated, San Diego, California. Total Amount: $85,697. Period of Research: January 1, 1997-December 31, 1997. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani
10. Continued Investigations of Transonic Film Cooling Mixing Losses. Agency: Pratt & Whitney Corporation, West Palm Beach, Florida. Total Amount: $23,000. Period of Research: January 1, 1997-December 31, 1998. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
11. Effects of Flow Pulsations From Potential Flow Interactions and Shock Waves on Film Cooling as Applied to Gas Turbine Engines. Agency: National Science Foundation, Thermal Systems Program, Division of Chemical & Thermal Systems, Washington, D.C. Grant Number: CTS-9615196. Total Amount: $120,000. Period of Research: April 1, 1997-October 31, 2000. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
12. High Freestream Mach Number Film Cooling Investigations. Agency: Pratt & Whitney Corporation, West Palm Beach, Florida. Total Amount: $28,540. Period of Research: July 1, 1997-December 31, 1998. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
13. Investigation of Flow and Heat Transfer Phenomena On a Flat Surface Augmented By Concavities. Agency: Solar Turbines, Incorporated, San Diego, California. Total Amount: $87,839. Period of Research: January 1, 1998-December 31, 1998. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
14. REU (Research Experiences for Undergraduates Program) Supplemental Request to ‘Effects of Flow Pulsations From Potential Flow Interactions and Shock Waves on Film Cooling as Applied to Gas Turbine Engines’. Agency: National Science Foundation, Thermal Systems Program, Division of Chemical & Thermal Systems, Washington, D.C. Total Amount: $10,000. Period of Research: January 1, 1999-October 31, 2000. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
15. Continued Investigation of Flow and Heat Transfer Phenomena On a Flat Surface Augmented By Concavities. Agency: Solar Turbines, Incorporated, San Diego, California. Total Amount: $15,000. Period of Research: December 14, 1998-May 15, 1999. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
16. Additional Investigation of Flow and Heat Transfer Phenomena On a Flat Surface Augmented By Concavities. Agency: Solar Turbines, Incorporated, San Diego, California. Total Amount: $24,800. Period of Research: February 1, 1999-December 31, 1999. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
17. Analyses of Gas Turbine Airfoil Surface Roughness. Agency: General Electric Corporation, Corporate Research and Development, Schenectady, New York. Total Amount: $25,000. Period of Research: November 1, 1999-October 31, 2000. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
18. Rotating and Stationary Rectangular Cooling Passages Heat Transfer and Friction With Turbulators and Dimples. Agency: Advanced Gas Turbine Systems Research, South Carolina Energy Research and Development Center, Clemson, South Carolina. Total Amount: $250,230. Period of Research: April 1, 2000-August 31, 2002. Principal Investigators: J.-C. Han (Texas A&M University), P. M. Ligrani, H.-C. Chen (Texas A&M University).
19. Investigations of Dimples as Applied to Heat Transfer in Turbine Airfoil Internal Cooling Passages. Agency: Pratt and Whitney Corp.-Canada, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada. Total Amount: $50,000. Period of Research: July 1, 2001-December 31, 2002. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
20. Surface Heat Transfer, Surface Skin Friction, and a Reynolds Analogy for Flows Over Surfaces With Real Component Roughness. Agency: National Science Foundation, GOALI Program, and Thermal Systems and Thermal Processing Program, Division of Chemical & Thermal Systems, Arlington, Virginia. Grant Number: CTS-0086011. Total Amount: $155,961. Period of Research: April 15, 2001 – April 30, 2005. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani. Co-Investigators: N. Nirmalan (GE-CRD), C. Pang Lee (GE-AE).
21. Dimpled Tube Development. Agency: Gas Technology Instititute, Des Plaines, Illinois. Total Amount: $31,643. Period of Research: August 1, 2001-March 31, 2002. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
22. Interdisciplinary Graduate Education and Reseach Training in Meso-, Micro- and Nano- (MMN) Scale Thermalfluid Systems Engineering and Science. Agency: National Science Foundation, IGERT Program, Arlington, Virginia. Total Amount: $2,958,600. Period of Research: August 1, 2000-July 31, 2006. Principal Investigator: T. A. Ameel. Other Participants: P. M. Ligrani and others.
23. REU Supplement to Surface Heat Transfer, Surface Skin Friction, and a Reynolds Analogy for Flows Over Surfaces With Real Component Roughness. Agency: National Science Foundation, Thermal Systems and Thermal Processing Program, Division of Chemical & Thermal Systems, Arlington, Virginia. Grant Number: CTS-0086011. Total Amount: $10,000. Period of Research: March 1, 2002-February 28, 2003. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
24. Equipment Supplement to Surface Heat Transfer, Surface Skin Friction, and a Reynolds Analogy for Flows Over Surfaces With Real Component Roughness. Agency: National Science Foundation, Thermal Systems and Thermal Processing Program, Division of Chemical & Thermal Systems, Arlington, Virginia. Grant Number: CTS-0086011. Total Amount: $10,564 ($7,043 from NSF, $3,521 from U. of U. cost sharing). Period of Research: April 1, 2002-February 28, 2003. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
25. REU Supplement to Surface Heat Transfer, Surface Skin Friction, and a Reynolds Analogy for Flows Over Surfaces With Real Component Roughness . Agency: National Science Foundation, Thermal Systems and Thermal Processing Program, Division of Chemical & Thermal Systems, Arlington, Virginia. Grant Number: CTS-0086011. Total Amount: $10,000. Period of Research: February 1, 2003 – April 30, 2005. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
26. International Program Supplement to Surface Heat Transfer, Surface Skin Friction, and a Reynolds Analogy for Flows Over Surfaces With Real Component Roughness . Agency: National Science Foundation, Thermal Systems and Thermal Processing Program, Division of Chemical & Thermal Systems, Arlington, Virginia. Grant Number: CTS-0086011. Total Amount: $30,957. Period of Research: February 1, 2003 – April 30, 2005. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani. In Collaboration With: A. Khalatov.
27. Use of Dimpled Surfaces to Augment Cooling of Heat Sinks in Laminar Flow. Agency: CISCO Systems Inc., San Jose, California. Total Amount: $10,000. Period of Research: June 1, 2004-December 31, 2005. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
28. Effects of Mach Number and Spent Air Crossflow on Jet Impingement Heat Transfer. Agency: Solar Turbines, Inc., San Diego, California. Total Amount: $170,278. Period of Research: November 20, 2003-December 31, 2006. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
29. Development of a Dynamic Membrane for Flow Passage Regulation Based On Temperature. Agency: Ceramatec Advanced Materials and Electrochemical Technologies Corp., Salt Lake City, Utah. Total Amount: $7,522. Period of Research: June 1, 2004 – May 31, 2006. Co-Principal Investigators: P. M. Ligrani, B. K. Gale.
30. REU Supplement to Surface Heat Transfer, Surface Skin Friction, and a Reynolds Analogy for Flows Over Surfaces With Real Component Roughness . Agency: National Science Foundation, Thermal Systems and Thermal Processing Program, Division of Chemical & Thermal Systems, Arlington, Virginia. Grant Number: CTS-0086011. Total Amount: $5,000. Period of Research: September 1, 2004 – April 30, 2005. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
31. Development of an Osmotically-Driven Micro-Dispense Pump. Agency: Foxboro Company, Foxboro, Massachusetts. Total Amount: $56,674. Period of Research: January 1, 2005 – October 31, 2005. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani. Co-Principal Investigator: B. K. Gale.
32. Aero Losses, Heat Transfer, Discharge Coefficients for Different Vane Trailing Edge Cooling Technologies for Syngas-Fired Gas Turbines. Agency: HEET-High Efficiency Engines and Turbines Program, South Carolina Energy Research and Development Center, Clemson, South Carolina. Total Amount: $342,552. Period of Research: August 1, 2005-July 31, 2008. Principal Investigators: P. M. Ligrani, F. E. Ames (University of North Dakota).
33. Suction-Side Gill Region Film Cooling – Effect of Hole Orientation. Agency: Pratt and Whitney Corp.-Canada, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada. Total Amount: $97,828. Period of Research: June 1, 2005-August 31, 2006. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
34. Use of Dimpled Surfaces, Rib Turbulators, and Other Augmentation Techniques to Improve Cooling of Heat Sinks in Laminar Flow. Agency: CISCO Systems Inc., San Jose, California. Total Amount: $70,000. Period of Research: January 1, 2006-December 31, 2007. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
35. Heat Transfer Augmentation in Laminar Flows (With Minimal Pressure Drop Penalties). Agency: Intel Corporation, Chandler, Arizona. Total Amount: $34,500. Period of Research: February 1, 2006-August 31, 2006. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
36. Development of a High-Efficiency Viscous Disk Air Flow Displacement Device. Agency: Intel Corporation, Chandler, Arizona. Total Amount: $34,145. Period of Research: February 1, 2006-August 31, 2006. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
37. Unsteadiness Effects on Turbine Heat Transfer and Film Cooling. Agency: Turbo and Power Machinery Research Center (TMPRC), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Amount: $22,000 (P. M. Ligrani portion in the form of an equipment donation). Period of Research: August 29, 1994-August 30, 1995. Principal Investigator: Joon Sik Lee (TMPRC, Seoul National University). Co-Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.

EXTRAMURAL GRANTS/FUNDING, U. S. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, AND IMPERIAL COLLEGE-UNIVERSITY OF LONDON

1. Conditional Sampling of Turbulent Flow Using Subminiature Hot-Wire Probes. Agency: Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC) Engineering Board of Great Britain, SERC Grant Reference Number GR/C/0734C. Period of Research: Nov. 1982-Nov. 1983. Principal Investigators: P. Bradshaw and P. M. Ligrani.
2. Small-Scale Structure of Turbulent Boundary Layers Conditionally Sampled From Subminiature Hot-Wire Measurements. Agency: Office of Naval Research, Arlington, Va., ONR Contract Number N00014-84-G-0117. Period of Research: January 1984-June 1984. Principal Investigator: P. Bradshaw. Other Participant: P. M. Ligrani.
3. The Turbulent Boundary Layer: Small-Scale Structural Characteristics and Eddy Motions. Agency: Naval Postgraduate School Research Foundation, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, Ca. Period of Research: October 1984-September 1985. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
4. Effects of Embedded Vortices on Heat Transfer in Film-Cooled Turbulent Boundary Layers. Agency: Aero-Propulsion Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, MIPR Contract Number FY1455-86-N0616. Period of Research: December 1985-September 1986. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
5. The Turbulent Boundary Layer: Small-Scale Structural Characteristics and Eddy Motions, Part 1: Effects of Embedded Vortices and Film Cooling. Agency: Naval Postgraduate School Research Foundation, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, Ca. Period of Research: October 1985-September 1986. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
6. Laminar/Turbulent Transition in a Curved Channel with Heat Transfer. Agency: Propulsion Directorate, U. S. Army Aviation Research and Technology Activity-AVSCOM, NASA-Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, Defense Purchase Request No. C-80019-F. Amount: $156,391. Period of Research: March 1986-February 1990. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
7. Development of Subminiature Multi-Sensor Wire Probes for Improved Turbulence Measurements. Agency: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Ca., Defense Purchase Request No. A41462C. Amount: $32,500. Period of Research: June 1986-June 1987. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
8. Effects of Unsteadiness on Laminar-Turbulent Transition in Straight Channel Flow. Agency: Naval Postgraduate School Direct Funding, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, Ca./Office of Naval Research, Arlington, Va. Amount: $240,000. Period of Research: October 1987-September 1990. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
9. Effects of Embedded Vortices on a Single Film-Cooling Jet in a Turbulent Boundary Layer. Agency: Aero-Propulsion Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, MIPR Contract Number FY1455-88-N0608. Amount: $25,000. Period of Research: October 1987-September 1988. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
10. Study of the Effect of Centrifugal Instabilities on Transition from Laminar to Turbulent Flow in Curved Channels for Dean Numbers from 160 to Fully Turbulent Conditions. Agency: Propulsion Directorate, U. S. Army Aviation Research and Technology Activity-AVSCOM, NASA-Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, Defense Purchase Request No. C-30030-P. Amount: $123,900. Period of Research: September 1989-December 1993. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
11. Effects of Embedded Longitudinal Vortices on Boundary Layers Film-Cooled Using Compound Angle Injection Holes. Agency: Aero-Propulsion Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, MIPR Contract Number FY1455-89-N0670. Amount: $70,000. Period of Research: October 1989-September 1992. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
12. A Two Part Proposal: (i) Effects of High Amplitude Imposed Oscillations on Laminar-Turbulent Transition in a Straight Channel Flow With Heat Transfer and (ii) Interactions Between Film Cooling Jets and Longitudinal Vortices Embedded in Turbulent Boundary Layers. Agency: Naval Postgraduate School Direct Funding, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, Ca./Office of Naval Research, Arlington, Va. Amount: $218,666. Period of Research: October 1990-September 1992. Principal Investigators: P. M. Ligrani, and C. S. Subramanian.
13. Study of Film Cooling from Compound Angle Injection Holes and Comparison to Results from Simple Angle Holes. Agency: Naval Sea Systems Command, Code 56X3, Department of the Navy, Washington, D.C., Job Order Number N622711RGPLG. Amount: $25,000. Period of Research: May 1991-September 1992. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.
14. Study of Film Cooling from Compound Angle Injection Holes. Agency: Aero-Propulsion Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, MIPR Contract Number FY1455-92-N0641. Amount: $10,000. Period of Research: March 1992-September 1992. Principal Investigator: P. M. Ligrani.